EXTRACT
EXTRACTION




EXTRACTION

EXTRACTION (CHEMISTRY)

LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION (LLE)

SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION (SPE)

EXTRACTION THEORY AND GENERAL PROCEDURE

WHAT IS SOLVENT EXTRACTION?

SOLVENT EXTRACTION RELATED TOPICS

CHEMICAL EXTRACTION

METHODS OF EXTRACTION AND PRODUCTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS

EXTRACTION LINKS



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SECTION 1



EXTRACTION




Extraction is a separation technique based on differences in
solubilities of substances in two immiscible solvents (usually
water and a water insoluble organic solvent).



Extraction
http://chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/noel/CHE317L/Extraction%20Experiment.htm



Extraction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extract/




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SECTION 2



EXTRACTION
(CHEMISTRY)




Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting in the
separation of a substance from a matrix. It includes Liquid-liquid
extraction, and Solid phase extraction.



Components of a typical extractive process


Extractions often use two immiscible phases to separate a solute from
one phase into the other. Typical lab extractions are of organic
compounds out of an aqueous phase and into an organic phase.



Extraction (chemistry)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraction_(chemistry)



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SECTION 3



LIQUID-LIQUID
EXTRACTION (LLE)




Liquid liquid extraction (LLE) consists in transferring one (or more)
solute(s) contained in a feed solution to another immiscible liquid
(solvent). The solvent that is enriched in solute(s) is called extract.
The feed solution that is depleted in solute(s) is called raffinate.

Liquid–liquid extraction also known as solvent extraction and partitioning,
is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in
two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. It
is an extraction of a substance from one liquid into another liquid phase.
Liquid–liquid extraction is a basic technique in chemical laboratories,
where it is performed using a a variety of apparatus, from separatory funnels
to countercurrent distribution equipment.[not verified in body] This type of
process is commonly performed after a chemical reaction as part of the work-up.



Liquid–liquid extraction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-liquid_extraction



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SECTION 4



SOLID
PHASE
EXTRACTION (SPE)




Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a separation process by which compounds
that are dissolved or suspended in a liquid mixture are separated from
other compounds in the mixture according to their physical and chemical
properties. Analytical laboratories use solid phase extraction to
concentrate and purify samples for analysis. Solid phase extraction can
be used to isolate analytes of interest from a wide variety of matrices,
including urine, blood, water, beverages, soil, and animal tissue.

SPE uses the affinity of solutes dissolved or suspended in a liquid (known
as the mobile phase) for a solid through which the sample is passed (known
as the stationary phase) to separate a mixture into desired and undesired
components. The result is that either the desired analytes of interest or
undesired impurities in the sample are retained on the stationary phase.
The portion that passes through the stationary phase is collected or
discarded, depending on whether it contains the desired analytes or
undesired impurities. If the portion retained on the stationary phase
includes the desired analytes, they can then be removed from the stationary
phase for collection in an additional step, in which the stationary phase
is rinsed with an appropriate eluent.



Solid phase extraction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_phase_extraction



Solvent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent




Solvent impregnated resins
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_impregnated_resins




Thin Layer Extraction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_Layer_Extraction




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SECTION 5



EXTRACTION THEORY
AND
GENERAL PROCEDURE




Extraction is a very common laboratory procedure used when isolating
or purifying a product. Organic chemistry employs solid-liquid,
liquid-liquid, and acid-base extractions. The following applies to
liquid-liquid extractions, which will be used in this course.


It is very common for organic products synthesized in a reaction to
be purified by liquid-liquid extraction. A separatory funnel is used
for this process. In this procedure, the organic product is isolated
from inorganic substances. The organic product will be soluble in an
organic solvent (organic layer) while the inorganic substances will
be soluble in water (aqueous layer).

The organic solvent used for extraction must meet a few criteria:

1.Should readily dissolve substance to be extracted.

2.Should not react with the substance to be extracted.

3.Should not react with or be miscible with water (the usual second solvent).

4.Should have a low boiling point so it can be easily removed from the product.

Common extraction solvents are diethyl ether and methylene chloride.


Extraction Theory and General Procedure
http://academics.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem211lab/Orgo_Lab_Manual/Appendix/Techniques/Extraction/extraction_n.html



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SECTION 6



WHAT IS
SOLVENT
EXTRACTION?




Solvent extraction is a method for separating a substance from one
or more others by using a solvent. It relies on variations in the
solubilities of different compounds in different substances. In most
cases, the substance to be extracted, which may be a solid, a liquid
or a gas, is dissolved in a liquid, along with other substances, and
a liquid solvent is used for the extraction — this is sometimes
called liquid-liquid extraction. The technique may also be applied to
solid materials that contain compounds that need to be extracted. This
method is widely used in industry, and in the laboratory for refining,
isolating and purifying a variety of useful compounds.



What Is Solvent Extraction?
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-solvent-extraction.htm



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SECTION 7



SOLVENT
EXTRACTION
RELATED TOPICS




What Is Dimethyl Isosorbide?
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-dimethyl-isosorbide.htm

What Is a Raffinate?
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-raffinate.htm

What Is Dewaxing?
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-dewaxing.htm

What Is an Oil Solvent?
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-oil-solvent.htm

What Is a Solvent?
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-solvent.htm

What Is Solvation?
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-solvation.htm

What Is Phenol Extraction?
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-phenol-extraction.htm



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SECTION 8



CHEMICAL
EXTRACTION




Chemical extraction is a process that separates contaminants from
soils and thereby reduces the volume of the hazardous waste that
must be treated. The process differs from soil washing, which
generally uses water, and varies with contaminant and soil type.
Often, physical separation is used before chemical extraction on
the assumption that smaller particles contain most of the
contamination. The two major chemical extraction processes are
described below.



Acid Extraction

Acid extraction uses hydrochloric acid to extract heavy metal
contaminants from soils. In this process, hydrochloric acid is
mixed with soil in a closed extraction unit. The residence time
in the extraction unit generally ranges between 10 and 40 minutes.
When extraction is complete, the soils are rinsed with water to
remove entrained acid and metals. The extraction solution and rinse
waters are regenerated using precipitation. The heavy metals are
potentially suitable for recovery. The clean soils are dewatered and
mixed with lime and fertilizer to neutralize any residual acid.



Solvent Extraction

Solvent extraction uses an organic solvent, to remove metals and mixtures
of metal and organic compounds. It is commonly used in combination with
other technologies, such as solidification/stabilization, incineration,
or soil washing. Soil is removed and treated.



Chemical Extraction
http://www.cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/chemex.htm



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SECTION 9



METHODS OF
EXTRACTION AND
PRODUCTION OF
ESSENTIAL OILS




Essential Oils may be produced by several different methods.
The primary methods of extraction of the volatile oil are
steam distillation, expression and maceration. There is also
solvent extraction methods.



Methods of Extraction and Production of Essential Oils
https://everything-lavender.com/methods-of-producing-essential-oils.html



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SECTION 10



EXTRACT
EXTRACTION
LINKS




Cannabis Extraction
https://www.medicaljane.com/category/cannabis-classroom/extractions-methods/

Chemical Extraction
http://frtr.gov/matrix2/section4/4-15.html

Chemical Separations
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch15/separate.php

Different Types of Extraction
http://www.differenttypes.net/extraction/

Definition of Extraction
http://www.chemicool.com/definition/extraction.html

Extraction
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/199060/extraction

Extraction
http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Technique/Procedures/Extraction/Extraction.html

Extraction
http://faculty.mansfield.edu/akiessli/Organic%20Chem%201/Lab%20handouts/Extraction.pdf

Extraction
http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~bacher/Specialtopics/extraction.html

Extraction
http://www.webassign.net/sample/ncsumeorgchem1/lab_3/manual.html

Extraction
http://swc2.hccs.edu/pahlavan/2423L6.pdf

Extraction chemistry
https://www.britannica.com/science/extraction-chemistry

Extractive Distillation
http://www.cheresources.com/extrdist.shtml/

Extraction Methods
https://www.edenbotanicals.com/extraction-methods

Extraction Theory and General Procedure
http://academics.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem211lab/Orgo_Lab_Manual/Appendix/Techniques/Extraction/extraction_n.html

Five Major Types of Extraction 2.0
http://nationalhempassociation.org/five-major-types-of-extraction-2-0/

How to Do a liquid-liquid extraction in the chemistry lab
http://science.wonderhowto.com/how-to/do-liquid-liquid-extraction-chemistry-lab-259811/

Liquid/Liquid Extraction
http://courses.chem.psu.edu/chem36/Experiments/PDF%27s_for_techniques/Liquid_Liquid.pdf

Organic Chemistry Lab Demo: Extractions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyIA8NhMUl4

Organic Chemistry Laboratory Extraction
http://faculty.mansfield.edu/akiessli/Organic%20Chem%201/Lab%20handouts/Extraction.pdf

PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION
http://www2.sci.u-szeged.hu/inorg/Sample%20prep%20for%20organics.pdf

Types of Extraction
https://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/chemistry/extraction-of-metals/revise-it/types-of-extraction

Types of Extraction System
http://www.separationprocesses.com/Extraction/SE_Chp01b.htm

Typical Chemical Extraction Process
https://frtr.gov/matrix2/section4/4-15.html



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In My Mind Today
http://inmymindtoday.com/




International Society for Ethnopharmacology
http://www.ethnopharmacology.org/




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