12 PRINCIPLES OF
PERMACULTURE
ECOLOGICAL
PRINCIPLES




12 Principles of Permaculture
by David Holmgren




Central to permaculture are the three ethics: care for the earth, care
for people, and fair share. They form the foundation for permaculture
design and are also found in most traditional societies.


Here are the 12 principles of permaculture as described by David Holmgren.


1. Observe and Interact – “Beauty is in the mind of the beholder”

By taking the time to engage with nature we can design solutions that suit
our particular situation.


2. Catch and Store Energy – “Make hay while the sun shines”

By developing systems that collect resources when they are abundant, we can
use them in times of need.


3. Obtain a yield – “You can’t work on an empty stomach”

Ensure that you are getting truly useful rewards as part of the working you
are doing.


4. Apply Self Regulation and Accept Feedback – “The sins of the fathers are
visited on the children of the seventh generation”

We need to discourage inappropriate activity to ensure that systems can continue
to function well. Negative feedback is often slow to emerge.


5. Use and Value Renewable Resources and Services – “Let nature take its course”

Make the best use of nature’s abundance to reduce our consumptive behavior and
dependence on non-renewable resources.


6. Produce No Waste – “Waste not, want not” or “A stitch in time saves nine”

By valuing and making use of all the resources that are available to us, nothing
goes to waste.


7. Design From Patterns to Details – “Can’t see the forest for the trees”

By stepping back, we can observe patterns in nature and society. These can form
the backbone of our designs, with the details filled in as we go.


8. Integrate Rather Than Segregate – “Many hands make light work”

By putting the right things in the right place, relationships develop between those
things and they work together to support each other.


9. Use Small and Slow Solutions – “Slow and steady wins the race” or “The bigger they
are, the harder they fall”

Small and slow systems are easier to maintain than big ones, making better use of local
resources and produce more sustainable outcomes.


10. Use and Value Diversity – “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket”

Diversity reduces vulnerability to a variety of threats and takes advantage of the unique
nature of the environment in which it resides.


11. Use Edges and Value the Marginal – “Don’t think you are on the right track just because
it’s a well-beaten path”

The interface between things is where the most interesting events take place. These are often
the most valuable, diverse and productive elements in the system.


12. Creatively Use and Respond to Change – “Vision is not seeing things as they are but as they
will be”

We can have a positive impact on inevitable change by carefully observing and then intervening
at the right time.



12 Principles of Permaculture by David Holmgren
https://justlists.wordpress.com/2010/01/14/principles-of-permaculture/



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Permaculture
and
Homesteading goofballs

https://permies.com/




World
Resources
Institute

https://www.wri.org/




The Tree of Life
Web Project (ToL)

http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html




MIMI
https://en.mimi.hu/index.html




Mother Nature Network
MNN

https://www.mnn.com/




CABI
https://www.cabi.org/




APPROPEDIA
SUSTAINABILITY
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

http://www.appropedia.org/




Smart Power 4 All
http://www.smartpower4all.org/




Weird Nature
https://www.ranker.com/tags/weird-nature?ref=mainnav




The Plant Encyclopedia
http://theplantencyclopedia.org/wiki/Main_Page





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