TIMBUKTU
TIMBUCTOO
TIMBUCTU
AFRICAN
INTELLECTUAL
CENTER




TIMBUKTU

CENTER OF LEARNING

UNIVERSITY OF SANKORE

TIMBUKTU RELATED TOPICS

TIMBUKTU LINKS



SECTION 1



TIMBUKTU
TIMBUCTOO
TIMBUCTU
AFRICAN



Timbuktu is widely used to describe a
place extremely far away and regarded
by many as a myth.

In reality it's a city in Mali, West
Africa, is of such great historical
importance that in 1988 it was
designated a World Heritage Site.
.
Situated on the southernmost edge of
the Sahara Desert, Timbuktu is about
eight miles from the Niger River
closer during the rainy season.

It was founded in the twelfth century
by Tuareg nomads. By the fourteenth
century it had became a major center
for the trans-Sahara gold and salt
trade as well Islamic scholarship and
culture, the Oxford University of the
Sahara, despite the rise and fall of
powerful dynasties around it.

Beginning in the 12th century, Timbuktu
was becoming one of the great centers of
learning in the Islamic world. Scholars
and students traveled from as far away
as Cairo, Baghdad, and elsewhere in
Persia to study from the noted manuscripts
found in Timbuktu.

Respected scholars who taught in Timbuktu
were referred to as ambassadors of peace
throughout North Africa.




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SECTION 2



CENTER
OF
LEARNING




During the early 15th century, a number
of Islamic institutions were erected.
The most famous of these is the Sankore
mosque, also known as the University of
Sankore.

While Islam was practiced in the cities,
the local rural majority were non-Muslim
traditionalists.
Often the leaders were nominal muslims in
the interest of economic advancement while
the masses were traditionalists.




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SECTION 3



UNIVERSITY
OF
SANKORE




Sankore was built in 989 AD and became the
center of the Islamic scholarly community
in Timbuktu.
The "University of Sankore" was a madrassah,
very different in organization from the
universities of medieval Europe.


Sankore University,
Sankore,

The University of Sankore,
Sankore Masjid:


Is one of three ancient centers of learning

located in
Timbuktu,
Mali,
West Africa.


The three Masjids:
(common word for mosque in the region)

Sankore,
Djinguereber Mosque,
Sidi Yahya


compose the famous University of Timbuktu.


Timbuktu
http://geography.about.com/cs/worldfacts/a/timbuktu.htm



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SECTION 4



TIMBUKTU
RELATED
TOPICS




Africa Frequently Asked Questions
http://geography.about.com/library/faq/blqzindexafrica.htm

Exporation and History
http://geography.about.com/od/historyofgeography/History_of_Geography.htm

Geography of Mali
http://geography.about.com/library/maps/blmali.htm

Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/mali/p/Timbuktu.htm

René-Auguste Cailli
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/explorers/p/bio_caillie.htm

Timbuktu (Mali)
http://archaeology.about.com/od/tterms/qt/timbuktu.htm

How Did Goods Get Across the Sahara in Medieval Times?
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/kingdoms/ss/SaharaTradeRoutes.htm

11 Greatest African Explorers
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/explorer1/a/Explorers-Of-Africa.htm

How Sonni Ali Formed a Great African Empire
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/kingdoms/a/Bio-Sonni-Ali.htm



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SECTION 5



TIMBUKTU
LINKS




Alkama, golden wheat from Timbuktu
http://www.btcctb.org/casestudy/alkama-golden-wheat-timbuktu

Ancient Africa
http://ancientafricah.wikispaces.com/Regions-Mali

Ancient chroniclers of West Africa's past
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000666/066613eo.pdf#66052

Ancient West Africa's Megacities
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9LkpJdll9A

History of Timbuktu
http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=2463

Islamic Manuscripts from Mali
http://international.loc.gov/intldl/malihtml/

The Journal of Food Technology in Africa
http://www.bioline.org.br/ft

Map of Timbuktu
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/africa/mali/timbuktu/

Mungo Park
http://africanhistory.about.com/cs/biography/p/bio_Park.htm

Saharan Archaeological Research Associatio
http://www.saharanresearch.org

SRI_Timbuktu_Mali_Africa
http://www.erikastyger.com/SRI_Timbuktu_Mali_Africa.html

Timbuktu
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Timbuktu

Timbuktu
http://www.slidespost.com/slides/3661/Timbuktu

Timbuctu
http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=2181&collection_id=23



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TIMBOOKTU
http://www.timbooktu.com/

Timbuktu ancient document centre opening
http://afrol.com/articles/36220

TIMBUKTU CHRONICLES
http://www.timbuktuchronicles.blogspot.com/

TIMBUKTU EDUCATION FOUNDATION
http://www.timbuktufoundation.org/

Timbuktu on Global Heritage Network
http://www.ghn.globalheritagefund.org/explore.php?id=1126

TIMBUKTU HERITAGE INSTITUTE
http://www.timbuktuheritage.org/

Timbuktu manuscripts
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001894/189454e.pdf

Timbuktu Maps
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?_adv_prop=image&fr=yfp-t-900&va=TIMBUKTU+maps

Timbuktu materials in the Aluka digital library
http://www.aluka.org/action/showCompilationPage?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.COMPILATION.HERITAGE-SITE.Timbucktu

SOUTH AFRICA.INFO
http://www.safrica.info/

Trade Across the Sahara
http://africanhistory.about.com/od/kingdoms/ss/SaharaTradeRoutes.htm

THE UNIVERSITY OF
SANKORE AT TIMBUKTU

http://www.sankore.org/

Who lives in Timbuktu
http://exploretimbuktu.com/Travel%20in%20Timbuktu/inhabitants.html




African Music Encyclopedia
http://africanmusic.org/




AFROPEDEA
http://www.afropedia.org



World Afropedia
http://worldafropedia.com/afropedia/Main_Page




African Indigenous Science and Knowledge Systems
http://www.africahistory.net/




Natives Wiki
http://tribalspedia.wikia.com/wiki/Natives_Wiki




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