INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE
GLOSSARY
LANGUAGE
INDIGENOUS
HUNTER-GATHERS
SURVIVAL
ETHNOLOGY
TEMPERATE GRASSLAND PRAIRIE
ETHNOSPHERE
PALEOTECHNIC
CIRCULAR BREATHING
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SECTION 1
GLOSSARY
ABORIGINALS
The indigenous people of an area,
those who have lived there since
before the population movements of
the last thousand years. Most are
partly hunter-gathers or nomadic,
herders. Since most tend to be
nomadic, agricultural societies,
justify their action of up rooting
them, by claiming they do not own
the land or they can make better
use of the land.Aboriginal people
are an irreplaceable source of
knowledge about habitats and the
natural resource of an area.
CULTURE
The customs, arts and other
conveniences of a nation of
people at a given time.
CUSTOM
Any usual action or practice,
habit, a long established or
accepted way of doing things.
DIGNITY
Proud and self-respecting
character or manner.
Degree of worth, honor or
importance.
ETHNIC
The various racial or cultural
group of people and the various
characteristics, languages and
customs of each
HONOR
A sense of what is right or
proper.
To show respect to.
Acting or expected to act
according to what you know
is right to do.
NATIVE
Someone born in a certain place or
country. One of the people who
originally living in a place or
country and found there by the
explorers or settlers.
NOMADIC
Wandering: roving.
NOMAD
Members of a tribe, band, group, which
moves from place to place to have food
for themself or pasture for their herds:
wanderers from area to area.
TRIBE
Group of people sharing the same
customs, language and ancestors,
forming a community under one
leader or group of leaders.
Class or set of people.
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SECTION 2
LANGUAGES
LANGUAGE
Human speech, spoken or written.
The speech used by one nation, or
tribe or other large group of people.
Communication, form or style, manner
of expression in words, numbers,or
symbols that stand for infomation
and express thoughts and feelings.
ESPERANTO
A simple artificial language for
international use,with vocabulary
and grammer based on forms that are
common to many European languages.
INDIGENOUS
LANGUAGE
LINKS
ABORIGINAL LANGUAGES OF AUSTRALIA
http://www.dnath.com/VL/austlang.htm
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
http://www.asu.edu/
AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF ABORIGINAL
AND TORRES STRAIT ISLAND STUDIES
http://www.aiatsis.gov.au/
ELBALERO
http://www.elbalero.gob.mx/
ETHNOLOGUE
http://www.ethnologue.com/
FATSIL
http://www.fatsil.org/
FOUNDATION FOR INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES
http://www.fil.org/
INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE INSTITUTE
http://www.indigenous-language.org/
LAND RESEARCH
ACTION NETWORK
http://www.landaction.org/
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NATIVE WEB
http://www.nativeweb.org/
NATIVE LANGUAGES OF THE AMERICAS
http://www.native-languages.org/
NCELA
http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/
NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY
http://www.nav.edu/
NW REGIONAL EDUCATION LABORATORY
http://www.nwrel.org/
SIL INTERNATIONAL
http://www.sil.org/
THE SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF
THE INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES
http://www.ssila.org/
TERRALINGUA
http://www.terralingua.org/
RADIO FREE EUROPE
http://www.rferl.org/
THE TRIBAL COLLEGE JOURNAL
http://www.tribalcollegejournal.org/
U.S. AGENCY FOR
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
http://www.usaid.gov
WORLD CONSERVATION UNION
http://www.iucn.org/
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SECTION 3
INDIGENOUS
INDIGENOUS
Originating in a particular
area or country.
INDIGENOUS
LINKS
CULTURES ON THE EDGE
http://www.culturesontheedge.com/
The Global
Oneness Commitment
http://www.experiencefestival.com/
INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE INSTITUTE
http://www.ipola.org/
INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE
http://www.indigenous-language.org/
WORLD CONSERVATION UNION
http://www.iucn.org/
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SECTION 4
HUNTER
GATHERS
HUNTER-GATHERS
People who obtain food by collecting
plants and killing wild animals. The
knowledge of hunter-gatherers comes
from archeological finds and from
studies of modern hunter-gather
groups. The main source of food
in such groups are plant parts;
seeds, leaves, nuts, roots, and
berries. These are gathered as
they are used or preserved and
stored for later. Most todays
people use less than 1 percent
of availabe food source.
HUNTER
GATHERS
LINKS
BLUE GECKO
http://www.bluegecko.org/
FOUR DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE
http://www.fourdir.com/
GLOBAL MOVEMENT FOR
A CULTURE OF PEACE
http://www.culture-of-peace.info/
NATIVE NET
http://www.native-net.org/
NONZERO
http://www.nonzero.org/
SULEKHA
http://www.sulekha.com/
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SECTION 5
SURVIVAL
SURVIVAL
Chance favors only the prepared and
the equipped. A knowledge of common
basic survival skills, are needed
in certain environments. Planning
will insure you are better equipped
to cope with unexpected, unplanned
and most emergencies, no matter who
or where you are. The indigenous
people of local areas are a main
source for such knowledge.
SURVIVAL
LINKS
ADVENTURE SPORTS ONLINE
http://www.adventuresportsonline.com/
DISASTER NECESSITIES
http://www.disasternecessities.com/
EDIFYING SPECTACLE
http://www.edifyingspectacle.org/
EQUIPPED TO SURVIVE
http://www.equipped.com/
HIKER CENTRAL
http://www.hikercentral.com/
THE OUTDOOR LODGE
http://www.theoutdoorlodge.com/
SURVIVAL IQ
http://www.survivaliq.com/
SURVIVALIST SKILLS
http://www.survivalistskills.com/
WANNA LEARN
http://www.wannalearn.com/
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SECTION 6
ETHNOLOGY
ETHNOLOGY
The science that deals with
the various races or the
cultural groups of people,
their distinctive customs,
characteristics, institutions
and their culture.
ETHNOLOGY
LINKS
AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
http://www.aaanet.org/
CIVILIZATION CA.
http://www.civilization.ca/
DIRECTORY OF OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS
http://www.doaj.org/
JANE'S RESTURE
http://www.janeresture.com/
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ETHNOLOGY.JP
http://www.minpaku.ac.jp/english
PEABODY MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY
http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/
SIL INTERNATIONAL
http://www.sil.org/
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
http://www.sfu.ca/
SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION
http://onlinephd.org/resources/social-sciences-resources/
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
http://www.lsa.umichedu/umma/
UNIVERSITY OF TURKU
http://www.hum.utu.fi/
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SECTION 7
TEMPERATE
GRASSLAND
PRAIRIE
TEMPERATE GRASSLAND:
PAMPAS
South america, especially Argentina.
PRAIRIE
Central north america,
Southern and central Manitoba,
Saskatchewan and alberta ca.
STEPPE
Southeastern Europe,
especialy Russia and Asia.
VELD
VELDT
South Africa.
That cover extensive areas in the interior
of continents, where there is not enough
moisture to support forest or woodlands.
The world grasslands are natural ranges
for grazing animals, and once home to
many herders as well as hunter-gathers.
Temperate grasslands produces the world's
deepest soils and therefore some of the
best agriculture lands.
TEMPERATE
GRASSLAND
PRAIRIE
LINKS
BLUE PLANET BIOMES
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/
FERMILAB
http://www.fnal.gov/
ION EXCHANGE
http://www.ionxchange.com/
PRAIRIE FRONTIER
http://www.prairiefrontier.com/
PRAIRIE MOON NURSERY
http://www.prairiemoon.com/
PRAIRIE SOURCES
http://www.prairiesource.com/
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SECTION 8
ETHNOSPHERE
WADE DAVIS
ETHNOSPHERE
The term ethnosphere was use to describe a
concept suggesting that just as there is a
biosphere, a biological web of life, so too
there is a cultural fabric that envelops the
earth. A cultural web of life, the sum todal
of all thoughts and dreams, beliefs, myths,
intuitions and inspirations brought into
being by the human imagination, Since the
dawn of consciousness. The ethnosphere is
humanity's great legacy. It is the product
of our dreams, the embodiment of our hopes.
The symbol of all that we are and all that
we have created as a wildly inquisitive
and astonishingly adaptive species.
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SECTION 9
PALEOTECHNIC
PALEOTECHNIC:
Calls the Regional
Imperative which;
Is founded on natural processes
and the native landscape.
Recognises the holistic view of man
as part of the regional ecosystem.
Requires understanding of the essence
and structure of the regional landscape.
Belonging to, or connected with,
ancient art.
1. The Eotechnic (c.1660):
Wind and water as prime movers; wood as a
basic material; merchants as controllers;
windmills, wagons and galleons as tools;
typical power unit a turret windmill
of 14 horse power.
2. The Paleotechnic (c.1860):
Coal and steam as prime movers; iron as
a basic material; laissez-faire capitalists
as controllers; mobile and static steam
engines as tools; typical power unit
Newcomen steam engine of 75 horse power.
3. The Neotechnic (c.1960):
Electricity as prime mover; specialized
alloys as basic material; governments as
controllers; turbines and computers as
tools; typical power unit a turbo-generator
of 75,000 horse power (Jordan, 25).
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SECTION 10
CIRCULAR
BREATHING
CIRCULAR
BREATHING:
Circular breathing is a special technique
utilized by players of some wind instruments
used to produce a continuous tone without a
break, accomplished by the use of the cheeks
as a reservoir of air while breathing through
the nose rather than the mouth.
The technique is used extensively in the playing
of the Australian didgeridoo and the Sardinian
launeddas, as well as many traditional oboes and
flutes of Asia and the Middle East.
A few jazz and classical wind players also utilize
some form of circular breathing.
Although many professional wind players find circular
breathing highly useful, few pieces of music composed
before the 20th century actually require its use.
The basic method
is as follows:
The person inhales fully and begins to blow.
Once the lungs are nearly empty, the last
volume of air is blown into the mouth, and
the cheeks are inflated with this air.
Then, while still blowing this last bit of
air out by allowing the cheeks to deflate,
the person must very quickly fill the lungs
by inhaling through the nose prior to running
out of the air in the mouth.
If done correctly, by the time the air in the
mouth is nearly exhausted the person can begin
to exhale from the lungs once more, ready to
repeat the process again.
Physiologically, the process is similar to
drinking at a water fountain and taking a
breath of air while water remains in the
mouth, without raising the head from the
water stream.
The body "knows" to not allow water into
the lungs. It is this same instinct that
a circular breather taps to play their
instrument.
Rehearsing
circular
breathing:
The following steps can be used to learn
the first steps of circular breathing:
Fill the cheeks with air. Breathe in and
out through the nose.
While the cheeks are still filled with air,
slowly squeeze out the air by pushing the
cheeks with the fingers. Keep breathing
through the nose.
In a similar fashion, try to slowly squeeze
out the air without the fingers, using only
the cheek muscles.
Repeat each step until mastery is achieved.
To improve skills, a common practice technique
by didgeridoo players requires the use of a
partially full glass or cup of water and a straw.
In a nutshell, one simply tries to continuously
blow bubbles into the glass. The liquid helps to
simulate the backpressure of an actual instrument.
Using water also helps overcome the psychological
blockage to circular breathing, as the body will
instinctively try to avoid breathing water.
Because the glass is not full to the brim, water
will not spill over and make a mess. This technique
also helps to build up strength in the necessary
muscles.
Another Step by Step method using a straw
and glass of water is as follows:
(All steps should be repeated many times.
If unable to accomplish a step, go back a
step and repeat),
1. Fill mouth with water and allow water to
dribble out through "O-shaped" lips,
(may want to stand over a sink).
2. Fill mouth with water and push water out
through "O-shaped" lips.
3. Inhale air through nose while allowing
water to dribble through "O-shaped" lips.
4. Inhale air through nose while pushing
water out through "O-shaped" lips.
5. Fill mouth with water and push it out
through straw into glass of water.
6. Fill mouth with water and push it out
through straw into glass of water while
inhaling through nose.
7. Perform the same action with mouth full
of air, making bubbles in glass of water
while inhaling through nose.
8. At this point it is only a matter of
coordinated inhalations and exhalations.
Instruments having
circular breathing
as an integral
part of their
technique:
Arghul
Didgeridoo
Duduk
Hornpipe
Khlui
Launeddas
Mizmar
Practice chanter
Sralai
Suling
Zurna
It is also used by those who inflate
hot water bottles in competition.
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