GERRYMANDERING
REDISTRICTING
REAPPORTIONMENT




GERRYMANDERING

REDISTRICTING

POLITICAL DEMOGRAPHY

WHITE FLIGHT

GENTRIFICATION

RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION

GERRYMANDERING RELATED TOPICS

GERRYMANDERING LINKS



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SECTION 1



GERRYMANDERING




In the process of setting electoral districts, gerrymandering is a
practice that attempts to establish a political advantage for a
particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries to
create partisan advantaged districts. The resulting district
apportionment is known as a gerrymander; however, that word can
also refer to the process. When used to allege that a given party
is gaining disproportionate power, the term gerrymandering has
negative connotations.

In addition to its use achieving desired electoral results for a
particular party, gerrymandering may be used to help or hinder a
particular demographic, such as a political, ethnic, racial,
linguistic, religious, or class group, such as in U.S. federal
voting district boundaries that produce a majority of constituents
representative of African-American or other racial minorities,
known as "majority-minority districts."



Gerrymandering
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrymandering



Gerrymandering in the United States
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrymandering_in_the_United_States




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SECTION 2



REDISTRICTING




Redistricting is the process of drawing United States electoral
district boundaries.

In 33 states, the state legislature has primary responsibility for
creating a redistricting plan, in many cases subject to approval by
the state governor. To reduce the role that legislative politics
might play, seven states determine congressional redistricting by an
independent or bipartisan redistricting commission. Four states, give
independent bodies authority to propose redistricting plans, but
preserve the role of legislatures to approve them. Seven states have
only a single representative for the entire state because of their low
populations.



Redistricting
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redistricting



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SECTION 3



POLITICAL DEMOGRAPHY




Political demography is the study of how population change affects
politics. Population change is driven by classic demographic
mechanisms – birth, death, age structure and migration. However, in
political demography, there is always scope for assimilation as well
as boundary and identity change, which can redraw the boundaries of
populations in a way that is not possible with biological populations.
Typically, political-demographic projections can account for both
demographic factors and transitions caused by social change.



Political demography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_demography



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SECTION 4



WHITE FLIGHT




White flight is a term that originated in the United States, starting
in the mid-20th century, and applied to the large-scale migration of
whites of various European ancestries from racially mixed urban regions
to more racially homogeneous suburban or exurban regions. The term has
more recently been applied to other migrations by whites, from older,
inner suburbs to rural areas, as well as from the US Northeast and
Midwest to the milder climate in the Southeast and Southwest.

The term has also been used for large-scale post-colonial emigration
of whites from Africa, or parts of that continent, driven by levels
of violent crime and anti-colonial state policies.

Migration of middle-class white populations was observed during the
1950s and 1960s out of cities such as Detroit, Oakland, and Cleveland,
although racial segregation of public schools had ended there long
before the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education.

In the 1970s, attempts to achieve effective desegregation by means of
forced busing in some areas led to more families' moving out of former
areas.



White flight
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_flight



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SECTION 5



GENTRIFICATION




Gentrification is the buying and renovating of houses and stores in
deteriorated urban neighborhoods by wealthier individuals, which in
effect improves property values but also can displace low-income
families and small businesses. This is a common and widespread
controversial topic and term in urban planning. It refers to shifts
in an urban community lifestyle and an increasing share of wealthier
residents and/or businesses and increasing property values.



Gentrification
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentrification



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SECTION 6



RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION




Residential segregation is the physical separation of two or more
groups into different neighborhoods, or a form of segregation that
"sorts population groups into various neighborhood contexts and
shapes the living environment at the neighborhood level." While it
has traditionally been associated with racial segregation, it
generally refers to any kind of sorting based on some criteria
populations (e.g. race, ethnicity, income).



Residential segregation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residential_segregation



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SECTION 7



GERRYMANDERING
RELATED TOPICS




Election fraud
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_fraud

Voter suppression
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_suppression

Simpson's paradox
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson%27s_paradox

List of United States congressional districts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts



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SECTION 8



GERRYMANDERING
LINKS




ACE Project
http://www.aceproject.org

America’s most gerrymandered congressional districts
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/05/15/americas-most-gerrymandered-congressional-districts

Anti-Gerrymandering policy in Australia
http://www.abc.net.au/elections/federal/2004/items/200408/s1172393.htm

The Common Census Map Project
http://www.commoncensus.org

Egregious Cases
http://www.motherjones.com/news/featurex/2006/09/gerrymander.html

Gerrymandering
http://www.britannica.com/topic/gerrymandering

Gerrymandering
http://www.gerrymanderingmovie.com/

Gerryminder – An online redistricting simulation
http://phobos.ramapo.edu/~jteigen/gerry.html

Gerrymandering in the US
http://www.fairvote.org/articles/bbcnews100804.htm

A handbook of electoral system Design
http://www.idea.int/publications/esd/index.cfm

Reapportionment and Redistricting in the US
http://www.aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/bd/bdy/bdy_us/

The Redistricting Game
http://www.redistrictinggame.org

Redistricting The Nation
http://www.redistrictingthenation.com/

Redrawing Lines of Power
http://www.radioproject.org/2011/04/redrawing-lines-of-power-redistricting-2011/

What is gerrymandering?
http://www.vox.com/cards/gerrymandering-explained/what-is-gerrymandering

Why your vote for Congress might not matter
http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/18/politics/gerrymandering/index.html?hpt=hp_c1



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